Xalatan

Basic Xalatan information

• INN (international nonproprietary name): Latanoprost
• Brand names available in the United Kingdom: Xalatan; generic latanoprost eye drops
• ATC code: S01EE01
• Forms and dosages: Eye drops, solution, 0.005% (50 micrograms/mL)
• Manufacturers in the United Kingdom: Viatris (Pfizer) and generic manufacturers
• Registration status in the United Kingdom: Prescription-only medicine (POM)
• OTC / Rx classification: Prescription-only medicine (POM)

Everyday use and best practices

Xalatan, the widely prescribed eye drop containing latanoprost, is particularly effective for managing intraocular pressure (IOP) in conditions like open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is recommended for administration once a day, preferably in the evening. Evening dosing is linked to the natural rhythms of IOP, which can fluctuate throughout the day.

Taking with or without meals

When it comes to Xalatan, there are no dietary restrictions, as it is an eye drop. Maintain a consistent dosing routine, which is important for lowering IOP, for example as part of your evening routine.

Safety priorities

Patients with known hypersensitivity to latanoprost or any ingredient in the formulation should avoid this medication. Furthermore, those with a history of herpetic keratitis need to consult their healthcare provider due to an increased risk of complications. It's also advisable for individuals suffering from active intraocular inflammation to be monitored closely if prescribed Xalatan.

Activities to limit

While using Xalatan, patients may experience side effects such as blurred vision. Refrain from activities that require sharp vision, such as driving or operating machinery, until your vision is clear after using the drops.

Dosage and adjustments

The standard dosage of Xalatan is one drop (0.005%) in the affected eye, administered once daily in the evening. Dosing more frequently does not increase efficacy and could reduce the pressure-lowering effect. Managing glaucoma and ocular hypertension requires a consistent regimen.

Special cases

When considering dosage for special populations, the elderly generally do not require any adjustment; however, they should be monitored for any unusual reactions due to possible age-related physiological changes. For those with liver or kidney impairments, even though formal dosage adjustments aren't specifically required, caution is advised. Xalatan is licensed for children, but a specialist should direct its use.

What’s inside and how it works

Ingredients overview

Xalatan, known for its active ingredient latanoprost, comes in a concentration of 0.005% (0.05 mg/mL). This formulation effectively lowers intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

The formulation also includes excipients such as benzalkonium chloride (a preservative), sodium chloride and water for injections.

Mechanism basics explained simply

Latanoprost works via a well-understood mechanism to help reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). It primarily facilitates the drainage of fluid from the eye by acting on specific prostaglandin receptors.

When latanoprost is applied, it increases the uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour, which is the fluid that builds up in the eye. Lesser fluid buildup results in lower IOP, effectively managing conditions like glaucoma.

Main indications

Approved uses

Xalatan is licensed in the UK for the reduction of raised intraocular pressure in adults with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, and in children with raised intraocular pressure and paediatric glaucoma. These conditions require effective management to prevent vision loss.

Off-label uses in UK clinics

Occasionally, Xalatan is prescribed for uses outside its licence. Careful monitoring by healthcare professionals is crucial, and patients should have regular follow-ups.

Interaction warnings

Food interactions

Xalatan is an eye drop, and there are no known food interactions.

Drug conflicts

Latanoprost can interact with other medications, so tell your healthcare provider about all your current treatments. Using it together with other prostaglandin eye drops may change their effect, and drops containing thiomersal should be used at least five minutes apart. Suspected side effects, such as eye irritation or changes in vision, can be reported through the Yellow Card scheme.

Alternative choices

NHS prescribing alternatives

Alternatives to Xalatan include bimatoprost and travoprost, also prostaglandin analogues. Each has its benefits, but there are important nuances to consider.

• Bimatoprost: often leads to noticeable eyelash growth, and can cause more ocular redness.
• Travoprost: has a similar efficacy rate, but might not be suitable for all because of different excipients.

Treatment should be chosen with your eye specialist.

Regulation snapshot

Xalatan (latanoprost) is licensed by the MHRA for managing conditions like open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Xalatan is a prescription-only medicine (POM). Patients cannot obtain this treatment without a prescription from a healthcare professional, which ensures proper medical oversight and monitoring.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about Xalatan:

• What is Xalatan used for?
  Xalatan is primarily used to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in conditions like open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
• Does it need refrigeration?
  Yes, Xalatan should be stored in the refrigerator before opening. After opening, it can be kept below 25°C for up to four weeks.
• How should I use the drops?
  Apply one drop to the affected eye once daily, preferably in the evening.
• What if I miss a dose?
  Continue with the next dose as normal; do not use a double dose.
• What if I swallow it accidentally or have an adverse reaction?
  Seek medical attention.

Guidelines for proper use

UK pharmacist counselling style

Pharmacists explain the importance of adherence to prescribed dosing schedules and the potential side effects, which include increased iris pigmentation, eyelash growth and minor eye irritation.

NHS patient support advice

Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial so that any adjustments or concerns can be promptly addressed. The patient information leaflet gives further guidance.